Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder

Definition Bipolar, or hyper burdensome confusion, is a temperament issue that causes radical enthusiastic changes and emotional episodes, from hyper highs to burdensome lows. Most of bipolar people experience exchanging scenes of craziness and gloom. Portrayal In the United States alone, bipolar confusion distresses very nearly 2,000,000 individuals at a yearly expense of over $45 billion, as per a 1991 report by the National Institutes of Mental Health. The normal period of beginning of bipolar issue is from pre-adulthood through the mid twenties. Nonetheless, in light of the multifaceted nature of the turmoil, a right conclusion can be deferred for quite a while or more. In a study of bipolar patients led by the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA), one-portion of respondents announced visiting at least three experts before getting a right analysis, and more than 33% detailed a hold up of ten years or more before they were effectively analyzed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the symptomatic standard for emotional well-being experts in the United States, characterizes four separate classifications of bipolar issue: bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and bipolar not-something else indicated (NOS). Bipolar I issue is described by hyper scenes, the high of the hyper burdensome cycle. A bipolar patient encountering insanity regularly has sentiments of pomposity, joy, chattiness, expanded friendliness, and a craving to leave on objective situated exercises, combined with the qualities of crabbiness, anxiety, lack of caution, hyperactivity, and a diminished requirement for rest. Normally this hyper period is trailed by a time of misery, albeit a couple of bipolar I people may not encounter a significant burdensome scene. Blended states, where both hyper or hypomanic side effects and burdensome indications happen simultaneously, likewise happen every now and again with bipolar... Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder Free Essays on Bopolar Disorder Definition Bipolar, or hyper burdensome confusion, is a disposition issue that causes radical passionate changes and emotional episodes, from hyper highs to burdensome lows. Most of bipolar people experience substituting scenes of lunacy and melancholy. Portrayal In the United States alone, bipolar confusion harasses very nearly 2,000,000 individuals at a yearly expense of over $45 billion, as per a 1991 report by the National Institutes of Mental Health. The normal period of beginning of bipolar issue is from pre-adulthood through the mid twenties. Be that as it may, on account of the multifaceted nature of the confusion, a right conclusion can be deferred for quite a long while or more. In a review of bipolar patients led by the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA), one-portion of respondents announced visiting at least three experts before accepting a right determination, and more than 33% revealed a hold up of ten years or more before they were effectively analyzed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the demonstrative standard for psychological wellness experts in the United States, characterizes four separate classifications of bipolar issue: bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and bipolar not-something else determined (NOS). Bipolar I issue is portrayed by hyper scenes, the high of the hyper burdensome cycle. A bipolar patient encountering madness regularly has sentiments of gaudiness, happiness, chattiness, expanded amiability, and a craving to set out on objective arranged exercises, combined with the attributes of peevishness, anxiety, lack of caution, hyperactivity, and a diminished requirement for rest. Normally this hyper period is trailed by a time of sorrow, albeit a couple of bipolar I people may not encounter a significant burdensome scene. Blended states, where both hyper or hypomanic indications and burdensome side effects happen simultaneously, additionally happen habitually with bipolar...

Privacy and Internet Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Security and Internet Policy - Essay Example This paper tends to how data fraud can be managed both on the web and restricting of unapproved access from pariahs. Insurance from data fraud (particularly from Internet exercises and unapproved get to) Identity deft on the web happens in circumstances where people who are not approved gain admittance to a person’s online record, gets access and do exercises that are legitimate or unlawful. Lion's share of individuals who join the web faces the test of data fraud so one needs to take all the essential proportion of guaranteeing that their data is secured (Krishnamurthy and Wills 2009). Be that as it may, many individuals don't have the foggiest idea how secure their own data and they end enduring the outcomes of not ensuring their own data. Assurance of data fraud over the web In occasions where the writer of the email isn't known to you, try not to examine such an email, that appear to be far fetched to you. It is prudent to just browse genuine messages which originate from banks, money related firms or your lenders. You should never base on counterfeit messages to refresh your security data. Doing as such, would bargain your security. Right now, there are such a significant number of individuals who are out to con other or sent infection and thusly the most ideal method of maintaining a strategic distance from them is to erase the messages they send. Successful firewall is required so as to shield your PC from assailants. This guarantees the dangers on your PCs from spywares, programmers and Trojans are limited. It is additionally expressed by Krishnamurthy and Wills (2009) that the utilization a Verification Engine helps you in recognizing safe sites that you peruse at some random time. The data that worry your own acknowledgment and record numbers ought to never be put away on a hard circle that can be gotten to on the web. This is on the grounds that a hard plate that is associated with the web has an incredible danger of being reached by intrigued cheats. It is emphatically prescribed not to spare private data on hard plate even in conditions of having exceptionally solid firewall programming being introduced. Additionally there ought to be credit check run on yourself or your family for at any rate once in consistently to safeguard that the all records are consistently in their correct organization (Moore, 2005). Individual data or PIN numbers ought to never be given out when an email is gotten from web access Providers (ISP) or credit organizations mentioning for the arrival of such secret data. In numerous examples, character criminals who profess to be Mastercard organizations or ISPs ordinarily send messages mentioning for individual data that has been refreshed. As Gina (2011) calls attention to, void posting of data that is private about yourself or that which identifies with your relatives on the individual site that can without much of a stretch be utilized by a criminal. They go through this data to accompany decei tful character. This infers one must be cognizant when posting individual data. Security Socket Layer (SSL) it is an innovation that empowers clients to set up meetings with web locales that are secure. This infers they are presented to negligible infringement of outside assailants.

Admissions Urban Legends and Conspiracy Theories-the 2020 version - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Admissions Urban Legends and Conspiracy Theories-the 2020 version - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Admissions Urban Legends and Conspiracy Theories-the 2020 version For some reason, people love an urban legend or conspiracy theory. Are there really aliens being kept at Area 51? Do Bigfoot and the Lock Ness Monster really exist? Was there really a second shooter on the grassy knoll? When there is the unknown, some individuals look for any explanation, no matter the proximity to reality, to try and make sense of things. An Urban Legends horror movie trilogy was even made in the late 1990s/early 2000s based on a variety of myths (as well as a lot of dark stairwells, creepy villains and a lot of blood and gore). I still remember Leonard Nimoy hosting the show In Search Of back in the 1970s, and it has now made a comeback with Zackary Quinto as host. I guess you can never get enough about unsolved mysteries and unfounded theories about why something happened. After we release final decisions in mid-March, a whole host of admissions urban legends and conspiracy theories will pop up on social media, in comments on this blog, and in high school hallways. I cant stop these rumors from starting, but I can at least give you some ammunition to stop these theories from spreading. Rumor #1 UGA admits only a certain number of students per year from my high school, and after a cap is met, they stop admitting students. Fact We dont have the time, energy or desire to have a quota of admitted students for each high school. We are dealing with over 28,500 applicants from 4,805 different high schools. I just want to make sure we get through the review of each applicant in the timeframe we work within, so we dont have time to slice up the decisions based on a certain percentage or number from each HS. Even if we did have the time, we would not want to have quota numbers per high school, as we are focused on admitting the strongest individuals from within the entire applicant pool regardless of HS. Last year, one GA high school had 342 students apply to UGA (and it is up to 354 this year), and we admitted 184 of those students. You would not see that high of an admitted group if we limited things based on a HS quota. Rumor #2 It is easier to be admitted if you are from Georgia, not from Georgia, from an International School, from X part of the state of Georgia. Fact We are looking at students as individuals, and we make our decisions based on the individual, not the location of the applicant. We have different numbers of people admitted and enrolled based on the individual applicants and the strength of their record, and our enrollment numbers are driven by the decisions made by accepted students (with Georgians accepting their offer of admission by at least 3 to 4 times the rate of out of state students).  Rumor #3 UGA looks at Early Action (EA) applicants in a more positive light than Regular Decision (RD) applicants, or RD applicants in a more positive light as compared to EA applicants (take your pick). The difference in EA vs RD is in the timeline of the process, not in the decision process. We look at EA and RD applicants the same, just within a different timeline for each. There is no specific benefit for one decision plan over another, and as such we tell a student to select the one that fits their situation the best.  Rumor #4 UGA looks at the demonstrated interest an applicant shows towards UGA, so make sure to email, call, or write a letter to your UGA counselor (or better yet do all three!). My best estimate is that we have 175,900+ freshman prospects in our system for the 2020 enrollment cycle, with again over 28,500 of those who then applied. This is a lot of people. A lot. We do not have the time or the interest to somehow use demonstrated interest in our review process, and we do not feel like it is a good metric to use in admission considering there are a number of students with limitations on visiting campus and interacting with our counselors. Just because someone says they really like you 20 plus times does not mean they are a better applicant. Rumor #5 Students are denied because they are so strong overall that UGA predicts they will not attend UGA, or the so-called Yield Deny theory (where admitting the student would hurt our rate of enrolling (or yielding) the student. We dont play that game. We go into each file review with the understanding that the applicant is interested in UGA, and that if admitted, they may or may not enroll here. But we do not guess about whether the student will enroll or not, and we do not ever use this in our decision making. Rumor #6 Students who have a certain academic level or co-curricular activity will always be admitted. For instance, a 4.00 GPA, a certain high test score or a certain accomplishment (such as being an eagle scout) means a student will be admitted. There is no one factor that determines admission, and we have a number of students who are not admitted yet have a high GPA, a high test score or a specific accomplishment. A 4.00 GPA does not take into account the overall core rigor of a students curriculum or their extra-curricular accomplishments, a high test score does not guarantee strength in the other areas, and having a certain activity would not mean we would overlook all the other areas of consideration. We are looking at everything in our review. Rumor # 7 Being a legacy applicant (having family who previously attended UGA) has an impact on a decision.   UGA does not use legacy in the admission review of a student. We ask the question on the application because other offices on campus want this data, but that does not mean it factors in any way in an admission review. Whether your family attended UGA or not does not change your grades, your curriculum, your activities or your admission review. Rumor #8 UGA uses your intended major in determining whether to admit you or not. While some universities use major as one of the factors in admission, UGA does not. At times in our review, we will look at your major in better understanding your course selection or choice of activities (a prospective engineer has decided to focus more on STEM courses and is involved in creative outlets such as Robotics or coding, or a theater major has chosen to be very active in One-Act and musical performance), but only to get a better understanding of the overall applicant. We are not selecting students based on a specific major, and we do not have different admission standards for different majors. I know there are more rumors out there than just the ones I have listed above, but these are the ones we hear about most often, especially when a student or parent is looking for a reason for why a denial decision was made. The reality is that we have a large applicant pool of very strong students, and we can only admit so many overall. I am sure that almost every single student who is not admitted can point to at least one real strength in their application, but we are looking at the overall application and the overall applicant pool, and we see everything in the process. I hope this helps to better understand our process, and Go Dawgs!

Admissions Urban Legends and Conspiracy Theories-the 2020 version - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Admissions Urban Legends and Conspiracy Theories-the 2020 version - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Admissions Urban Legends and Conspiracy Theories-the 2020 version For some reason, people love an urban legend or conspiracy theory. Are there really aliens being kept at Area 51? Do Bigfoot and the Lock Ness Monster really exist? Was there really a second shooter on the grassy knoll? When there is the unknown, some individuals look for any explanation, no matter the proximity to reality, to try and make sense of things. An Urban Legends horror movie trilogy was even made in the late 1990s/early 2000s based on a variety of myths (as well as a lot of dark stairwells, creepy villains and a lot of blood and gore). I still remember Leonard Nimoy hosting the show In Search Of back in the 1970s, and it has now made a comeback with Zackary Quinto as host. I guess you can never get enough about unsolved mysteries and unfounded theories about why something happened. After we release final decisions in mid-March, a whole host of admissions urban legends and conspiracy theories will pop up on social media, in comments on this blog, and in high school hallways. I cant stop these rumors from starting, but I can at least give you some ammunition to stop these theories from spreading. Rumor #1 UGA admits only a certain number of students per year from my high school, and after a cap is met, they stop admitting students. Fact We dont have the time, energy or desire to have a quota of admitted students for each high school. We are dealing with over 28,500 applicants from 4,805 different high schools. I just want to make sure we get through the review of each applicant in the timeframe we work within, so we dont have time to slice up the decisions based on a certain percentage or number from each HS. Even if we did have the time, we would not want to have quota numbers per high school, as we are focused on admitting the strongest individuals from within the entire applicant pool regardless of HS. Last year, one GA high school had 342 students apply to UGA (and it is up to 354 this year), and we admitted 184 of those students. You would not see that high of an admitted group if we limited things based on a HS quota. Rumor #2 It is easier to be admitted if you are from Georgia, not from Georgia, from an International School, from X part of the state of Georgia. Fact We are looking at students as individuals, and we make our decisions based on the individual, not the location of the applicant. We have different numbers of people admitted and enrolled based on the individual applicants and the strength of their record, and our enrollment numbers are driven by the decisions made by accepted students (with Georgians accepting their offer of admission by at least 3 to 4 times the rate of out of state students).  Rumor #3 UGA looks at Early Action (EA) applicants in a more positive light than Regular Decision (RD) applicants, or RD applicants in a more positive light as compared to EA applicants (take your pick). The difference in EA vs RD is in the timeline of the process, not in the decision process. We look at EA and RD applicants the same, just within a different timeline for each. There is no specific benefit for one decision plan over another, and as such we tell a student to select the one that fits their situation the best.  Rumor #4 UGA looks at the demonstrated interest an applicant shows towards UGA, so make sure to email, call, or write a letter to your UGA counselor (or better yet do all three!). My best estimate is that we have 175,900+ freshman prospects in our system for the 2020 enrollment cycle, with again over 28,500 of those who then applied. This is a lot of people. A lot. We do not have the time or the interest to somehow use demonstrated interest in our review process, and we do not feel like it is a good metric to use in admission considering there are a number of students with limitations on visiting campus and interacting with our counselors. Just because someone says they really like you 20 plus times does not mean they are a better applicant. Rumor #5 Students are denied because they are so strong overall that UGA predicts they will not attend UGA, or the so-called Yield Deny theory (where admitting the student would hurt our rate of enrolling (or yielding) the student. We dont play that game. We go into each file review with the understanding that the applicant is interested in UGA, and that if admitted, they may or may not enroll here. But we do not guess about whether the student will enroll or not, and we do not ever use this in our decision making. Rumor #6 Students who have a certain academic level or co-curricular activity will always be admitted. For instance, a 4.00 GPA, a certain high test score or a certain accomplishment (such as being an eagle scout) means a student will be admitted. There is no one factor that determines admission, and we have a number of students who are not admitted yet have a high GPA, a high test score or a specific accomplishment. A 4.00 GPA does not take into account the overall core rigor of a students curriculum or their extra-curricular accomplishments, a high test score does not guarantee strength in the other areas, and having a certain activity would not mean we would overlook all the other areas of consideration. We are looking at everything in our review. Rumor # 7 Being a legacy applicant (having family who previously attended UGA) has an impact on a decision.   UGA does not use legacy in the admission review of a student. We ask the question on the application because other offices on campus want this data, but that does not mean it factors in any way in an admission review. Whether your family attended UGA or not does not change your grades, your curriculum, your activities or your admission review. Rumor #8 UGA uses your intended major in determining whether to admit you or not. While some universities use major as one of the factors in admission, UGA does not. At times in our review, we will look at your major in better understanding your course selection or choice of activities (a prospective engineer has decided to focus more on STEM courses and is involved in creative outlets such as Robotics or coding, or a theater major has chosen to be very active in One-Act and musical performance), but only to get a better understanding of the overall applicant. We are not selecting students based on a specific major, and we do not have different admission standards for different majors. I know there are more rumors out there than just the ones I have listed above, but these are the ones we hear about most often, especially when a student or parent is looking for a reason for why a denial decision was made. The reality is that we have a large applicant pool of very strong students, and we can only admit so many overall. I am sure that almost every single student who is not admitted can point to at least one real strength in their application, but we are looking at the overall application and the overall applicant pool, and we see everything in the process. I hope this helps to better understand our process, and Go Dawgs!

Qualitative Research Article Critical Appraisal - 3282 Words

Qualitative Research Article Critical Appraisal Overview A study by Chu, Wodchis, and McGilton (2014) revealed a one year turnover rate as high as 85.5% for Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and 55.4% for Registered Nurses (RNs) in long term care. In addition to this alarming statistic, in North Dakota alone, long term care facilities reported 669 open nursing positions in November of 2016 (NDLTCA, 2016). McGilton, Boscart, Brown, and Bowers (2014) noted that this mounting concern is associated with negative resident outcomes. Subsequently, McGilton et al. (2014) developed a study to focus on retention and turnover and explore the factors that influence a nurse’s intention to remain employed at their current job in long term care. In†¦show more content†¦(2014) would not necessarily be needed. However, McGilton et al. (2014) aimed to study the retention of licensed nursing professionals specifically employed by long term care facilities, nurses’ personal circumstances that affect retention, and if the heavily regulated work environment in long term care affects retention. A problem statement is not clearly defined in this article. However, it is easy to glean that their objective was to understand the factors that influence nurses’ intention to remain at their current job in long term care. The study did have an ideologic framework as it aimed to draw attention to the needs of this specific group of nurses in long term care and the additional influences present in this group when deciding to stay or leave their current job in long term care. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is clear. McGilton et al. (2014) wish to recognize and analyze the complex interplay between factors affecting intention to stay and intention to leave the long term care setting and the tradeoffs that nurses make, identify the additional influence of personal circumstances, and identify if the heavily regulated work environment in long term care leads to role inflexibility and the inability to use professional nursing judgement. Research Questions The research questions were clear in this study. What factors affect a nurse’sShow MoreRelatedCritical Appraisal Of A Qualitative Research Article863 Words   |  4 PagesCritical appraisal of a qualitative research article. The qualitative article being appraised is by Martin and Woods (2012) using the CASP tool qualitative framework (CASP 2013). These tools have been validated to ensure that studies can be assessed in a consistent way assessing the trustworthiness of the research article (Aveyard, 2014) Qualitative research can often be labelled as biased and anecdotal however Anderson (2010) argues that when carried out rigorously it can be unbiased, in-depthRead MoreEssay on Critical Appraisal1662 Words   |  7 Pages Appraisal 1 Critical Appraisal by Gemekia C. Parker A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for NU 608 EBP Quality Improvement in Health Care Systems University of South Alabama College of Nursing Fall 2010 Appraisal 2 Introduction Critical appraisal is the process of systematically examining research evidence to assess its validity, results, and relevance. 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The CASP tool is used to evaluate and clarify if these proposed research topics have merit. The tool resulted in the assessment that this article is useful, particularly within the nursing profession. Nonetheless, portions of thisRead MoreEvaluation Of A Qualitative Research Tool Critical Appraisal1642 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Young and Solomon (2009) critical appraisal is a systematic process which can identify both, the strengths and weaknesses of a research study. During this process the reader is able to assess studies’ usefulness and whether or not the findings are trustworthy, it also supports in decision making in terms of whether to apply the study’s results in practice The aim of this paper is to critically appraise two qualitative research papers. The appraisal includes discussion of the authors, titleRead MoreCritical appraisal987 Words   |  4 Pages Research Critique, Part 1 Grand Canyon University: NUR 433V March 15, 2015 Introduction Critical appraisal of a research study demonstrates an understanding of the research study being conducted. This paper will review a qualitative research study designed to explore the lived experience of lay presence during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in primary and secondary environments of care from a healthcare provider’s (HCP) perspective. The in-depth critical appraisalRead MoreArticle Critique 11374 Words   |  6 Pagescritique of the article Supporting Families through Discharge from PICU to the Ward: the Development and Evaluation of a Discharge Information Brochure for Families by Sophie Linton, Chelsea Grant, and Juliet Pellegrini, published in Intensive and Critical Care Nursing (2008, vol. 24). The critiquing framework used is the Qualitative Appraisal Tool in Critical Appraisal Skills Programme because it has several questions relating to assumptions or principles which characterize qualitative research (NursingRead MoreHealth Promotion Model : A Meta Synthesis1303 Words   |  6 Pages Critical Analysis of a Published Research Article Ho, A.Y.K., Berggren, I., Dahlborg-Lyckhage, E. (2010). Diabetes empowerment related to Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A meta-synthesis. Nursing and Health Sciences (2010), 12, 259–267 Title Evaluation The title of this article â€Å"Diabetes empowerment related to Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A meta-synthesis† has been to-the-point and has been definite. The title has hinted at the way the research would be conducted withoutRead MoreA Research Study Of Nurses Beliefs And Practice1395 Words   |  6 Pagesexploratory qualitative study of nurses’ beliefs and practice, is a research article chosen for this essay. This critical review will include an appraisal of the designated sections of the research paper, provide a realistic and practical explanation linking findings to clinical practice, as well as a personal reflection on how the process of appraisal of evidence from the article has increased my knowledge. The title and abstract of the article is clear, concise and congruent with the article. The titleRead MoreWhat Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents living in Sub-Saharan Africa?1279 Words   |  6 Pagesof the problem posed by type II diabetes. - Estimating the prevalence of type II diabetes among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. - Identifying possible risk factors. - Making evidence based conclusions and recommendations for practice or further research. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a deadly disease in many parts of the world. It is a disease condition that is usually characterized with an elevated blood glucose level. Researchers over the years have worked to determine the metabolic pathways

The Constitutional Interpretation Of The Constitution Essay

Traditional Originalism led the court as the method of constitutional interpretation until the late nineteenth century. Judges were compelled to interpret the Constitution based on the original meaning of the provisions. The Originalism view interprets the constitution line by line exactly as the founders would have found it. Later, during the early twentieth century, progressives in the legal community proclaimed that due to the changing social environment as time goes on in the nation, the political system needed to be reconfigured. They thought that the political system needed increased national government authority and a modern administrative state. They also thought that the increased national authority and modern administrative state wouldn’t work well with the traditional Originalism interpretation of the constitution. After long political battles in and out of the court, they won the argument and the Constitution would be adapted without formally amending it. Debates w ere waged over whether or not the Constitution could be changed through interpretation instead of the originalist requirement of amendment, and over whether or not the Constitution was to be viewed as living. The notion of a â€Å"living constitution† was developed, and slowly set precedent as landmark cases made their way through the supreme court, and the interpretation of the constitution was put to the test. Now, the Constitution is interpreted according to what it says in it’s entirety, instead of lineShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction to the Constitutional Principles of American Government1406 Words   |  6 Pagesa victory in what way soever. The most powerful â€Å"rules of the game† is the Constitution and the most important thing is to construe it correctly. More than 200 years the US Constitution remains the organic law of successfully developing state, which territory and population have increased many times over, and the political and economic life has changed radically. In the context of United States constitutional interpretation, invariability, political stability and fundamental nature of this law ofRead MoreThe Debate On Constitutional Interpretation1730 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate on Constitutional interpretation is far from a new one. For years, the argument over how the Constitution should be read has varied, from the strict textualist approach to the most l enient, the instrumentalist position. The Constitution has long been referred to in terms of being a living or dead document, and its interpretation has significant ramifications on this country’s legal climate. This paper will analyze and compare two different forms of Constitutional interpretation: originalismRead MoreThe Constitution And The Law877 Words   |  4 Pages Our Constitution is over two centuries old and since the birth of it as early as 1803 the Supreme Court defined its role and power in the case, Marbury v. Madison, 1803, establishing the authority to define what the law is. Thus, if the law is confusing, it is up to the courts to interpret the law through the process of judicial review. There is much controversy as to whether or not judges are following the laws as written or imposing their personal preferences and rewriting law to suit themselvesRead MoreThe Interpretative approach adopted by South African Courts Essay963 Words   |  4 Pages1) INTRODUC TION: The enactment of both interim and final Constitutions ushered in a new approach to statutory interpretation. In this essay I argue that the statement made by the court in Daniels v Campbell 2003 (9) BCLR 969 ( C ) at 985 is TRUE. 2) THE INTERPRETATIVE APPROACH ADOPTED BY SOUTH AFRICAN COURTS PRE- 1994: Before 1994 South Africa was a country based on Apartheid rules and regulations. The Parliament was the highest legislative body and it interpreted laws as it pleased, mostly inRead MoreInterpreting and Correcting the Constitutional907 Words   |  4 Pagestake it a different way. As the audience changes, so does the meaning. When it comes to interpreting the Constitution, the same principle remains. It is extremely difficult to interpret the U.S. Constitution, because of its complexity and fragility. Also, the fact is when time changes, people change. In other words, different generations have different interpretations of what the Constitution says that they can do. Which leads to textualism, causing the judges of the Supreme Court to decide whetherRead MoreThe Case Of The United States Constitution1354 Words   |  6 Pagesdocument to a contemporary situation, context is integral to proper analyzation. In the case of the United States Constitution, many political theorists share their opinion, on what they believe to be, the optimal interpretation of the document, however, only Antonin Scalia’s originalist ideology repels personal and moral views during analysis and encourages understanding the Constitution as originally intended. It is not the job of a United States judge, nor should it be the job of one, to interveneRead MoreJudicial Review And The Indian Courts1444 Words   |  6 Pagesvalidity of legislative as well as other governmental action with reference to the provisions of the constitution. The judiciary tries to undo the harm that is being done by the legislature and executive and they also try to provide every citizen what has been guaranteed by the constitution. Judicial review has a more technical significance in public law, particularly in countries having a written constitution which are founded on the concept of limited government. Judicial review in this case means thatRead MoreThe Constitution Is Revered For Both Its Age And Its Brevity944 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S Constitution is revered for both its age and its brevity. The Constitution is a short and concise document has been able to stand the test of time and it has remained the ultimate guide of principles for law creation and enforcement. With that being said, the words of the Constitution are unclear in many respects. Politicians have debates over the Constitution due to the reason that it is difficult to figure out what the Framers meant when they originally wrote the Constitution. AccordingRead MoreThe Decision Of The Court Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesStewart, it is in the best interest of the country, and the Constitution that I urge you to not allow for a set of specific guidelines to be put in place to tell the Justices of the Court, how to interpret the Constitution. With the decision of Marbury v. Madison in 1803 the Court established its power of Judicial review(Judicial Learning Center, Web insert hyperlink), and it is up to the Just ices to decide when and how the Constitution will be interpreted. This memo will address the following issuesRead MoreStereotypical Portrayal Of Homosexuals And The Homophobia Towards Homosexuals1656 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause of their view on constitutional interpretation. A Dworkinian approach was taken during this case because the court took more a legislative role than a judicial role. Ronald Dworkin recommends that judges approach the Constitution as â€Å"a constitution of principle† rather than a â€Å"constitution of detail†(Dworkin â€Å"The Constitutional Drama†, 119). Dworkin believes that this view of constitutional principle is keeping the framers original intentions and language in the constitution more than an originalists

Organic vs. Conventional Farming Essay - 1625 Words

Organic farming is becoming an increasingly popular market throughout the world. (Adam, 2004, p. 666). The aims of organic farming are, to decrease pollution, maintain soil fertility and biodiversity, be more sustainable, and have increased nutritional benefits than conventionally grown foods (Yaping et. al., 2003, p. 298). While the aim of conventional farming is to provide safe, proficient supplies of food, in abundance and at low prices (Trewavas, 2001, p.409). Since 1996, the amount of land in the UK dedicated to organic farming has risen tenfold (Adam, 2004, p. 666). As well, from 1992 to 1997, the amount of certified organic cropland in the US more than doubled (Tafel et al, 2007, p.182 ). The main difference between organic and†¦show more content†¦(Trewavas, 2001, p.409). This evidence shows that the use of the synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, is beneficial from a food safety point of view, as they decrease the possibility of getting ill from the c onsumption of this food. Therefore, conventionally grown food is safer than organically grown food, which does not use these chemicals. One concern about pesticides and herbicide usage is the amount of residues left on the end product of crops sprayed with the chemicals, and their effects on human health. (Williamson, 2007, p. 184). However, these effects are closely tested and levels are strictly regulated to ensure there is no danger from possible pesticide residues. Since 1910, many rules, regulations, and agencies have been formed to monitor the safety of the pesticides and herbicides used in conventional farming. These chemicals must meet specific safety standards in order to be registered for use, and regulations on levels of each product safe for use are also put in place. (Tafel et al.,2007, p.184). All pesticides are rigorously examined to ensure they have no significant effects on human health, or the environment. The residues in the food chain are closely monitored, and regularly tested, to ensure they are below legal limits. In a recent survey of residuesShow MoreRelatedOrganic Vs. Conventional Farming136 4 Words   |  6 PagesOrganic farming, a new and upcoming industry is booming, however people are beginning to scrutinize the price of organic and naturally grown food and the validity of it’s value to health. Consumers paying the lofty price for their organic food contend it is saving them trips to the doctor and protecting them from the countless stacks of future hospital bills with regard to poor health. Consequently, to all the other people still buying into the cancer causing products produced by conventional farmingRead MoreOrganic vs. Conventional Farming: An Anthology757 Words   |  3 PagesAgri-intellectuals. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from http://www.american.com/archive/2009/july/the-omnivore2019s-delusion-against-the-agri-intellectuals In this paper, Blake Hurst answers critics of industrial farming citing various contentious issues regarding the heated debate on industrial farming. The paper makes claims that most Corn,  livestock and poultry produced in the United States of America is done organically. In addition, he exonerates the farmer from blame in the use of fossil fuel in foodRead MoreOrganic Foods And Farming Vs. Conventional Foods1902 Words   |  8 Pages Over the last few years, awareness of organic food has risen. Due to this, the demand for organic food is a factor which is influencing the farmers to switch to use this technique, and it is being sold in specialty stores and conventional supermarkets. Organic products contain numerous marketing claims that it is healthier, it offers more value, and the farming is more environmentally friendly than traditional foods, so, how does one determine if organic is the way to go? Some argue that thereRead MoreOrganic Farming Practices ( Non Organic )1702 Words   |  7 PagesHigh School Table of Contents Page 2: Table of Contents Page 3: Abstract Page 4: Organic Farming Practices Page 5: Conventional Farming Practices (Non Organic) Page 8: Conclusion Page 10: Citation Abstract Centuries ago, ancient civilizations learned how to take plants that they found flourishing in nearby areas and grow them conveniently for their own use. The advancement of technology, and the evolution of farming practices has created a great variance from the simplistic idea of putting a seedRead MoreWhy Organic Farming Is Capable Of Sustaining The Global Population891 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Components 1. Discuss the â€Å"problem statement,† (what is the issue we are addressing?) - The â€Å"problem statement† to these three articles is to see if organic farming is capable of sustaining the global population by weighing the pros and cons of organic vs conventional farming. 2. Who are the authors and what are their qualifications? - First author, DiGregori has neither expertise or credential; he is a phD in Economics and does not have any experience dealing with agronomy nor didRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Organic Farming1035 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is better organic farming or conventional farming? This is a question that all farmers face. Each type of farming as its own benefits and disadvantages. Organic farming and conventional farming are different in many different ways. I know farmers from both sides. I know farmers who practice organic farming and I also know farmers who practice conventional farming as well as some farmers who use a combination of the two types of farming. But I have never really know all of the differences betweenRead MoreThe Effects Of Pesticides On Organic Farming1653 Words   |  7 PagesHumans initially began farming organically when European farmers noticed a decrease in soil quality and crop health due to the use of chemical fertilizers (â€Å"Pesticides in Or ganic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). This drop in soil quality left the farmers no other choice but to cease the use of chemical fertilizers and begin implementing less harmful supplements in order to improve crop quality (â€Å"An Oral History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This less invasive method of farming, otherwise known as organic farming, takes into account â€Å"the medium andRead MoreSustainability Vs. Conventional Farming1299 Words   |  6 Pagessite-specific application. (Gold) The sales of organics are at an all time high, but the concern is that consumers do not know the true facts behind organic farming. Oftentimes, organics are said to be sustainable and are better for the public than conventional farming, but that is not true. Organic farming is not sustainable. This is proven by giving the true meaning of sustainability vs. conventional farming, stating the regulations behind organic farming, and use the two to show how all of this affectsRead MoreEveryone Should Buy Organic Food.1228 Words   |  5 PagesPERSUASIVE SPPECH PREPARATION OUTLINE Title: | Everyone should buy organic food | General purpose: | To persuade | Specific purpose: | To persuade my audience to buy organic food | Central idea: | Organic food is the best food for consumers instead of conventional food | Organizational pattern: | Problem, problem, problem | I. INTRODUCTION | A. Open with impact/ Attention getter: | Let’s imagine. 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Albert Jacka Soldier Man free essay sample

Albert Jacka was born on the 10th of January 1893 in a small dairy farm in Winchelsea, Victoria. On the 17th of the first 1932, seven days after his 39th birthday, he died of chronic nephritis. He was the fourth child of 7 of Nathaniel Jacka and Mary Elizabeth Kettle. He spent most of his life in Wedderburn after his parents decided to move the family there in 1898 when Bertie was the age of 5. After completing elementary school, he found work as a labourer with his father, and later for the Victorian State Forests Department. On 18/8/14, Bert enlisted into the Aussie Imperial Force, assigned 14 Battalion, 4th Brigade, 1st Division and began training at Broadmeadow camp. Jackas battalion then left for further two months of training in Egypt. After that, his battalion then joined the fight in Gallipoli, arriving on Anzac Cove through the Dardanelles, 26/4/15. A month later on the 19th, the Turkish began an assault along almost the whole Anzac line, and captured a small twelve yard section of the trench, leaving one end being guarded by Jacka. We will write a custom essay sample on Albert Jacka Soldier Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For longer than several minutes, he shot warning shots into he trench until, finally reinforcements had arrived. Everybody but Jacka were hit so he leapt back into the communication trench. He had then thought up a new plan, two bombs would be thrown at the Turks, as Bert would walk around and flank them from behind. He shot five and bayoneted two as the others retreated. l managed to get the begars, Sir, he was quoted to have said to the first officer to arrive. For doing this act of courage, he was awarded with a Victorian Cross, which appeared in a section of the London Gazette. War Office, 24th July, 191 5 His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to award the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers and Non-commissioned Officers:No. 65 Lance-corporal Albert Jacka, 14th Battalion, Australian Imperial Forces. For most conspicuous bravery on the night of the 19th-20th May, 191 5 at Courtneys Post, Gallipoli Peninsula. Lance-corporal Jacka, while holding a portion of our trench with four other men, was heavily attacked. When all except himself were killed or wounded, the trench was rushed and occupied by seven Turks. Lance-corporal Jacka at once most gallantly ttacked them single-handed, and killed the whole party, five by rifle fire and two with the bayonet. Albert was immediately known as a national hero. He began to be used on recruiting posters John Wren, gave him E500 and a golden watch, after promising the first Victorian Cross winner a reward of so. After the 28th of 8th he began to skyrocket from rank to rank, beginning with Corporal, then on the 12/9, Sergeant, then Company Sergeant Major on 14/11, and finally Second Lieutenant on the 29/4/16 after completing officer training. Early in June, the 14th Battalion were then sent to France. On the 7th of August, Berts platoon then moved into the line close to Pozi ©res, a small French village. One night after dawn, Just as Jacka had completed his surveying of the area, two German soldiers had overrun a part of line. They came to the entrance of Jackas dugout, rolling a bomb down the doorway, killing two men. Jacka survived, rushing up the steps, tiring as ne moved. He got up and came upon German soldiers rounding up about forty Aussies as prisoners. He spoke out to his platoon and charged against the enemy. Men threw away their rifles and began to participate n wild hand to hand combat, while the prisoners turned on their enslavers. On that night, they took capture of fifty Germans and retook back the line. Everyone was severely wounded, Jacka received serious neck and shoulder injures and was sent away to London hospital. On the 8th of the 8th, London newspapers sent out false reports claiming that Bert was killed in action. After this, Albert was promoted to captain and was authorised as the 14 Battalions Intelligence officer on the 15th March. Albert got back into the fght and led a night scouting party on the 8th of April, to inspect the enemys defences. He infiltrated the wire at two places, reported back, then he went out again to watch the laying of the guide tapes for the infantry. As the Job was almost done, two German soldiers creeped up, Jacka, realising that theyd see the tapes, he knew that they must be captured. He pulled out his pistol, misfired, so he rushed on towards them and captured them by hand. His smart, quick thinking, had saved the Anzac soldiers from discovery and possibly bombardment and had earnt himself a bar to his military cross. The newly captained Jacka, on the 8th July, was wounded by a snipers bullet near Ploegsteert Wood. Two months later on the 26th, he was back on his feet and back on the front, he led the 14th battalion against German Pillboxes(small underground outposts) at Polygon Wood. In March 1918, Jacka unknowingly faced his final fght, after being cruelly gassed at Villers-Bretonneux. A few months later, he boarded the Euripides, for Australia. A large crowd, including the Governor General, greeted him on his arrival in Melbourne. A few months after being discharged, R. O. Roxburgh, E. J. L. Edmonds and himself, created an electrical goods importing and exporting business. The following year on the 17th January, Jacka was hitched to Frances Veronica Carey, a typist at his Electrical Goods business. A few moths later, the moved to St Kilda and adopted a daughter. Eight years later, he was elected to the St Kilda Council and a year later elected as mayor. On the 18th of December 1931, he mysteriously fell ill during a council meeting and on January 17th, a year later, he died of chronic nephritis. Over 60,000 people paraded by his coffin as it lay in Anzac house. He was buried with complete military honor in the Presbyterian section of the cemetery.

Financial Ratios free essay sample

This report highlights the comprehensive financial analysis of the three well known sports brands across the world. These companies have their fair share in the dominance of selling sports goods like shoes, Tracks, t-shirts etc and this report will offer an insight of the Sports goods industry to the person who reads. The ratio examination of the companies and the industry averages enables the reader to make key comparisons and to determine the debt utilization, asset utilization, profitability as well as the liquidity of the company. Additionally the four year horizontal and trend analysis provides financial insights of the company and helps to know the future aspects of the 3 sports goods companies. Degree of Operating and Financial leverage has also been calculated which helps to know the change in earnings before income and taxes of the company and proportion of debt in the capital structure of the company. The project also includes certain analysis between the 3 companies which throws light on the areas which require improvement in each of the companies and which will further help to improve the efficiency of the companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Ratios or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the basis of calculation and analysis, the reader will be able to conclude as to where the improvement is required by the firm in order to raise its profitability. And which of three companies is having an upper hand among each other. NIKE Inc. Nike is one of the leading sports goods company over wide in world. It’s a US based company established in 1964. Nike originally known as â€Å" Blue Ribbon Sports â€Å" was founded by Philip knight- a track athlete from a University of Oregon and his coach Bill Bowerman. Initially Nike was one of the distributor of Japanese shoe maker company Onitsuka Tiger. The company showed a remarkable profit in its market and they quickly launched their first BRS retail store in 1966 located on Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California. The relation between BRS and Onitsuka was on ending terms and this made BRS to launch their own line of footwear in 1971. Carolyn Davidson designed ‘Swoosh’ which was their first newly brand entered in the market and it was registered with the ‘U. S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974. Nike the name came into existence when they sold their design to a soccer shoe named ‘Nike’ which was released in 1971. Design, development and worldwide marketing of the apparels, footwear and other accessories is the principle business activity of Nike. Nike sells their products to their owned retail stores with mix of distributors who have the license. Nike overall has 170 retail stores spread across the world. Virtually all the footwear and apparel products are manufactured outside United States, whereas other equipment are produced both in US and abroad. Even though Nike have had various bad phases regarding the working condition and human rights dilemma in china and India, Inspite of that its considered one of the leading sports brand across the world. It’s a company that began with a humble origin from selling footwear in basement to becoming the behemoth in the athletic industry. Managers for Nike are creating value for shareholders by expanding Nike operations in foreign markets as much as possible. Nikes sales and earnings outpaced Wall Street estimates FY 06. Nikes sales reached $15 billion and its earnings per share were up 18%. Over the past 5 years, Nikes earnings per share on compounded rate were up 20%, gross margins averaged 42% and in the past year, Nike delivered 44% margins in a period of rising costs. The current managers are maximizing shareholders wealth but in the footwear industry, Nikes performance still falls. The footwear industry averaged about 14. 25%, while Nikes growth in stock was 10. 48%. If the increase in value of shares is a benchmark of performance for managers, Nikes performance is unimpressive. The brand itself is considered the biggest strength of Nike. Nike earns more revenues from its international operations than its domestic market. Nike earned about $6. 5 billion FY 2005 from its international operations, compared to $5. 1 billion from its domestic market. International operations appear to be a key driver of Nikes growth. The picture below illustrates Nikes price trend for the last five years. PUMA Puma AG Rudolf Dassler Sport, formally branded as  Puma, is a major  German national company  that produces high-end  athletic shoes, lifestyle footwear and other  sportswear. Formed in 1924 as  Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik  by  Adolf and  Rudolf Dassler, relationships between the two brothers deteriorated until the two agreed to split in 1948, forming two separate entities,  Adidas  and  Puma. PUMA is one of the world’s leading sportslifestyle companies that develop and designs footwear apparel and accessories. The Puma group owns brands Puma, golf and tretorn. The company, which was founded in 1948 distribute its products to more than 120 countries around the globe. The registered office of the company is in Herzogenaurach, Germany and it employs more than 9500 people worldwide. The puma share is listed for official trading on the Frankfurt and Munich stock exchanges. It is trading in the prime standard segment and the mid-cap Index Mdax of the german stock exchange. The main shareholders of the company as in 2010 were the PPR Group holding almost about 71. 58% shares and the rest of the shares are free flowed. The chairman of the company Mr Jochen Zeitz has recently decided to transform Puma AG into European Corporation- Puma SE. Puma’s main market is in the sales of footwear as we look upon the sales of 2010   | Consolidated Sales| in % of Consolidated Sales| Footwear:| â‚ ¬ 1,424. million| 52. 6 %| Apparel:| â‚ ¬ 941. 3 million| 34. 8 %| Accessories:| â‚ ¬ 340. 3 million| 12. 6 %| | | â‚ ¬ 2,706. 4 million| 100 %| The graph below shows the fluctuations in share price for puma for the last 5 years. Puma AGs 2007 revenue totalled â‚ ¬2. 74 billion, which was essentially flat from 2006s revenue of â‚ ¬2. 76 billion. However, this slight (0. 6%) drop can be attributed to foreign currencies weakening against the euro. Other than that small drop in 2007, Pumas sales have increased every year since 1993, when revenues totalled â‚ ¬541. 3 million. As Pumas sales have grown, so have its expenses. Expenses for marketing and retail, which totalled â‚ ¬272 million in 2005, came to about â‚ ¬420 million in both 2006 and 2007. Overall  operating expenses  increased by nearly 50% between 2005 and 2006, causing Pumas net income for 2006 to fall 8% despite a 15% increase in revenue. ADIDAS Adidas AG  is a  German  sports apparel manufacturer and  parent company  of the Adidas Group, which consists of the  Reebok  sportswear company,  golf company (including  Ashworth), and  Rockport. Besides sports footwear, the company also produces other products such as bags, shirts, watches, eyewear and other sports and clothing-related goods. The company is the largest  sportswear  manufacturer in  Europe  and the second biggest sportswear manufacturer in the world, after its  American  rival  Nike. Adidas was founded in 1948 by  Adolf Adi Dassler, following the split of  Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik  between him and his older brother,  Rudolf. Rudolf later established  Puma, which was the early rival of Adidas. Registered in 1949, Adidas is currently based in  Herzogenaurach, Germany, along with Puma. The companys clothing and shoe designs typically feature  three parallel bars, and the same motif is incorporated into Adidass current official  logo. The Three Stripes were bought from the Finnish sport company  Karhu Sports  in the 1951. The company  revenue  for 2009 was listed at  Ã¢â€š ¬10. 38 billion and the 2008 figure at â‚ ¬10. 80 billion. FINANCIAL RATIOS: Financial Ratios is proved to be a powerful tool which could determine what the organisation is going through that is profit or loss in sense it determines the organisations efficiency. This tool is useful for managers, shareholders and creditors who invest depending upon the ratios they would decide whether to invest in this company or not. With the help of financial ratios we could compare with other companies annual report and our past and present reports too. This helps us to determine the companies’ strength and weakness and hence accordingly we could find out the remedy measures for it so that could organisation could yield a better profit in nearby future. Liquidity of an ongoing business is determined by the financial ratios. It suggests whether the profits we earned is sufficient for the assets we built and determine whether these assets are built by creating a debt or through shareholders equity. It also determines whether the shareowners are getting the required returns on the investment they make in the organisation. Financial ratios can be classified as follows: * Profitability Ratios * Asset Utilisation Ratios * Liquidity Ratios * Debt Utilisation Ratios Profitability Ratios: Profitability Ratios determine the organisations profit or loss. It helps us to measure return on assets and stockholder’s equity. Profitability Ratios can further be classified as: * Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales * Return on Assets = Net Income/Sales ? Sales/ Total Assets * Return on Equity = Net Income / Shareholders Equity Profit Margin: | 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| NIKE| 9. 14%| 10. 11%| 9. 65%| 10. 14%| PUMA| 11. 44%| 9. 17%| 5. 11%| 7. 4%| ADIDAS| 5. 38%| 5. 96%| 2. 36%| 4. 73%| The profit margin of Nike Company could be seen as follows. It is observed that the organisation maintains a stable profit margin near about nine to ten percent. The total sales of the organisation went low as compared to 2007, 2008 sales with 2009, 2010 and hence the net income was low. When considering Puma it have hade a fluctuating profit margin and it was not able to maintain a stable profit margin as Adidas or Nike. But in the beginning year 2007 Puma had the highest margin of 11. 44 but in the coming years it was subjected to greater fluctuation Return on Assets: The optimum utilisation of assets such as plant, equipment and other resources of the organisation are portrayed by determining the return on assets. | 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| NIKE| 13. 95%| 14. 73%| 6. 65%| 7. 02%| PUMA| 14. 58%| 12. 19%| 6. 24%| 8. 54%| ADIDAS| 6. 66%| 6. 75%| 2. 76%| 5. 34%| Nike’s trend of generating return on assets goes on increasing from 2007 till 2008 but it showed a decline in the following year that is 2009. In this respective year the net income was too low as compared to other years and hence the return on assets percentage was low. After 2009, Nike grew their income and hence in 2010 they regained their position and hence their return on assets was maintained little higher than 2009 but was low than 2007 and 2008. Puma was highest return on assets in 2007 considering the other two companies but as Nike puma’s value also declined. Adidas was able to maintain a stable return as it maintains a low level between 7% and 6% Return on Equity : Return on equity measures whether the shareholders are receiving or making a sufficient earning for the investment they make. The return on equity measured is given as follows. | 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| NIKE| 21. 23%| 23. 43%| 9. 63%| 10. 21%| PUMA| 23. 51%| 19. 67%| 10. 13%| 14. 58%| ADIDAS| 18. 36%| 19. 01%| 6. 5%| 12. 30%| Nike makes a good return on equity till 2008. In the following years 2009 and 2010 the returns decreased tremendously by 10% since the net income generated in the following years was too low compared to previous years and hence the return on equity was quite low that maintained 9. 3% in 2009 and 10. 21% in 2010. As Nike, Puma and Adidas also had an excellent 2007 and 2008 but in 2009 it decreased drastically. Adidas had to face the worst fall as it had to face a fall from 19. 01% to 6. 5%. Asset Utilisation Ratios: Asset utilisation ratios give a proper conclusion about how efficiently the organisation is maintained. Factors such as firm’s accounts receiv ables, inventory and assets are given a proper consideration while measuring these ratios. It serves as a benchmark for the organisation in which decisions can be made about the company’s operational issues. The following ratios come under asset utilisation: * Receivable Turnover = Sales(credit) / Accounts Receivable * Average Collection Period = Accounts Receivable / Average Daily Credit Sales * Inventory Turnover = Sales / Inventory * Fixed Asset Turnover = Sales / Fixed Assets * Total Asset Turnover = Sales / Total Assets Receivable Turnover: The receivable turnover of the organisation is as follows: | 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| NIKE| 6. 5| 6. 7| 3. 4| 3. 6| PUMA| 6. 09| 6. 36| 6. 18| 6. 05| ADIDAS| 7. 05| 6. 64| 7. 264| 7. 19| It is observed that the receivable turnover of Nike Company is maintained till 2008 while it went on declining till 2010. It maintained a ratio of 6. 5 and 6. 7 in 2007 and 2008 while it drooped down to 3. 4 and 3. 6 in 2009 and 2010. Adidas received a slightly high and stable turnover considering the other two companies, the lowest receivable turnover faced by Adidas was in the year 2008 but still it maintained a higher turnover than Nike or Puma for that year. Average Collection Period: | 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| NIKE| 55 days| 54 days| 106 days| 100 days| PUMA| 59 days| 57 days| 58. 4 days| 59 days| ADIDAS| 51 days| 54 days| 50 days| 50 days| The average collection period suggests the average number of days in which accounts receivable are collected. From the table we come to know about the facts that the company’s average collection period was of 55 and 54 days in 2007 and 2008 while in 2009 and 2010 the accounts were received at an average of 106 and 100 days. Nike took more days taking into account all the five year than Puma or Adidas to collect their accounts receivables. Adidas has maintained a steady rather a strict policy to get the receivables before 55 days. This reveals that stockholders should invest on Nike shares, which in turn will produce higher return to the stock holders in due course of time.

Crisis on America essays

Crisis on America essays September 11, 2001 marked a day which will live in emphamy. Four domestic air carriers were hijacked by terrorists. Two were crashed into the World Trade Center Towers, one to the Pentagon, and one in Pennsylvania. Now the United States is known for being a state of freedom and unity, but were we too vulnerable and to open to this attack believed to be by Osama Bin Laden. The reasons for the attack on America are lack of security, the element of suprise, and a strong belief in freedom. First, the reason for the attack on America was a lack of security. Statistics have began to show that their is more security on international flights than on domestic air carriers. Obviously the terrorists studied this piece of information and was able to plan from it. Statistics and tests from the goverment have also proven that security sometimes judge people on how they look and decide whether they should check them or not. And buy this method, some of the goverment officials were able to slip by with knives and box cutters too. So should we blame the security for this traumatizing crime? I dont believe thats for us to decide. But we can state as a main factor that the reason for the attack on America was a lack of security. Secondly, the reason for the attack on America was the element of surprise. Lets just be truthful, The United States believed that this could never happen. We spend so much time helping other countries and continents that we left ourselves open to anything. And It just so happens that someone finally took advantage of that openess. Through years of planning and being taught in our country, terrorists were able to manipulate metal detectors and board airplanes with boxcutters and knives and hijack them. But not only did they hijack them, they took out the transponders and were able to fly the machines into what ...

Leading Organisational Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leading Organisational Change - Assignment Example the group members are actively involved and made sensitive about the internal processes which are taking place and encouraging them to analyze the overall process. Firstly, there should be proper questions framed so that it is able to address all the interpersonal issues which were being witnessed in the system in relation to rigidity towards accepting innovative changes and avoidance towards collaborative working style implementation across all SBUs. Secondly, the intervention would comprise of a period of process-analysis where the required process to be incorporated will be analyzed in advance by gaining opinion from all the team members of VRD Industries. Next step is dedicated towards designing various testing procedures and setting the required agenda for change so that motives behind such organizational change can easily be communicated across the team. In this intervention there needs to be a proper training program which will incorporate interpersonal process and their outco mes. Meeting would be held by the topmost authority and change agents so as to analyze the areas of interpersonal skills amongst employees which need further improvement to bring forth the planned change. This training program will be undertaken by experts so that conceptual thinking regarding interpersonal issues can be incorporated and better analyzed. This knowledge would enable employees to overcome the resistance which was present in them related to organizational change which was necessary for VRD Industries. Major problems identified in VRD Industries need to be resolved effectively so that brand position of the company can be secured in the industry. Team building intervention is an effective tool which can help to resolve such issues and develop the required interpersonal skills amongst the team members. This refers to wide range of planned activities that facilitates group members to enhance their problem solving and interpersonal skills and even improves the overall

Research Paper Thesis Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thesis Statement - Research Paper Example e basic potential marketing needs for Toyota Company is to identify the most effective means to facilitate effective and productive expansion of the company in the modern intricate global market (Markus 2005). The understanding of the customers’ needs as well as proper utilisation of transfer market channels is some of the main market needs of Toyota Motor Corporation. The financial and economic forces in Toyota Motor Corporation are the consistent fall in the financial situation of the company and the identification of the most valuable market strategy to prosper in modern economic advancement. Moreover, for the Toyota Motor Corporation to flourish in present market, the company ought to deal with some legal and social forces that entail understanding of the existing legislation in new markets as well as adapting to changes in policies in different states and political settings. Socio-economic forces have also become a major challenge in a considerable number of multinational corporations. To achieve its long terms goals, the Toyota Motor Corporation ought to understand the socio-cultural needs of different social and cultural settings. The understanding of the competitive forces in global markets will be very essential for the success of the company. In this regard, the Toyota Motor Corporation should undertake a comprehensive analysis of all its competitors in global market to understand their economic and financial

Site Examination of Soil for Jubilee Line Extension

Site Examination of Soil for Jubilee Line Extension This is an interpretative geotechnical report of the Jubilee Line Extension which describes the extension from Green Park to Stratford running through South and East London. A site examination was undertaken by Soil Mechanics Ltd in 1990 for London Underground which was done as per the 1987 specifications for Ground Examination published by the Department of Transport (Attewell, 1995, p. 39).      Ã‚   This included Package 2 of the proposed Jubilee Line Extension, involving 20 boreholes out of which 18 boreholes were drilled using Cable Percussive and Rotary method was used to drill the remaining 2 boreholes situated in the Bermondsey region of London. Drilling works finished on the 14th November 1990. The main objective of the investigation was to examine the ground conditions of the soil above and beneath the site preceding the proposed tunneling in the Bermondsey region. The site shows the acquired borehole information of Package 2 and takes after the proposed tunneling course of the extension works southeast of London Bridge Station in Bermondsey, eastwards towards Canada Water in Rotherhithe. The site range in Eastings and Northings is linear, running from 533343, 179834 (BH401) in the east to 535222, 179445 (BH417) in the west. This principally takes after the River Thames at an interval of roughly 400m from the south bank over the linear run. The passage runs through the overland train line southeast of Tower Bridge Station towards South Bermondsey Station for around 600m before curving eastwards and east-north-eastwards underneath Jamaica Road to the recently proposed Bermondsey Tube Station. The tunnel route proceeds eastwards underneath Southwark Park and ends at the edge of Neptune Road and Moodkee Street on the Canada Estate. Over the site the street levels are moderately flat, going from 1.9mOD in the western, to 3.6mOD in the east. The site is situated on various strong and drifts stores at ground level as indicated in BGS solid and drift 1:50,000 maps (256 North London; 270 South London). The geological units which are probably going to be experienced over the site ranges from shallow to solid geological units are portrayed as follows from the youngest to oldest. As its name implies, Made Ground according to BGS are areas where the pre-existing ground surface have been massively altered by man-made activities such as excavation. The thickness of the made ground ranges from 0.30m to 5.00m consisting of a mix of concrete, rubble, brick and refuse intermingled with gravel and sands frequently within a matrix of silt or clay. Studying this man-made geological unit also helps to get information of the past land because it is often associated with unstable ground, unpredictable engineering conditions and contaminated materials (Ford,Kessler, Cooper, Price Humpage, 2010). These deposits are as a result of the urbanization and industrial development (Burland et al. 2001, p62). The deposits are around the River Thames, basically lying unconformably upon River Terrace Gravels (Ellison, 2004). The Alluvium is mainly comprised of silty clay and clayey silt, with beds of fine-to-coarse-grained sand with thickness of 1m to 15 m. Inter-bedded peat is known to happen eastwards of Southwark and Westminster, with the broadest deposits extending west to the Rotherhithe tunnel (Ellison, 2004). The River Terrace Gravels are comprised of variable quantities of sand and rock, deposited in a braided river system roughly 5km wide over the River Thames floodplain (Ellison, 2004). The deposits in this area of London are illustrative of the Terrace Gravel Formation, lying unconformably upon the solid geology of the region. The London Clay Formation is mainly argillaceous in its upper part, with the greater part of the development involving overconsolidated intensely bioturbated, fissured bluish-grey slightly calcareous, silty to extremely silty clay (Ellison, 2004) usually containing pyrite and carbonate solidifications (claystone) of ferroan calcite (Huggett, 1994 in Ellison, 2004). This upper part is frequently oxidized and weathered to a brown colouration colouration, while the basal unit is remarkably sandier and siltier than the upper horizons (Burland et al, 2001). Beneath the London Clay, this stratum is basically less than 1m thick (Burland et al 2001), and generally consist of sands, rock and stone beds (Hight et al. 2004; Ellison, 2004). The Lambeth Group is made up of the Reading formation, Woolwich formation and Upnor formation (Ellison Woods, 2004) and is divided into different lithological units. Recognized primarily inside cores in central and eastern London, this stratum comprises mainly of mottled clay, silty clay and sediments with hues including pale brown, pale grey-blue, dark brown, light green, red-brown and dark-red, based upon the oxidation condition of the constituents (Ellison, 2004). At the base of this unit overlaid sand and silt with minor tunneling and local ripple overlays are apparent (Hight et al, 2004). When compared to the Upper Mottled Clay there is no much difference, this lower horizon also includes purple to the list of potential colourations (Ellison, 2004). Moreover, it is also noted to contain carbonate nodules up to 0.5m in diameter, particularly in the top parts in east London these appear to have coalesced to form a limestone up to 1.6m thick (Hight et al, 2004) Circulated mostly in south London amongst Westminster and Bermondsey (Ellison et al,2004; Height et al, 2004), this strata have a maximum thickness of 3m, including grey shelly clay thinly inter-bedded with grey-brown and fine sand (Height et al, 2004). Generally, there is a feebly established shell bed up to 0.43m thick, while amongst Bermondsey and Lewisham a consistent grey limestone bed (the Paludina Limestone) can be distinguished, with a thickness of 0.1-1.83m (Ellison, 2004). Principally lying comformably on the Lower Shelly Clay, it is basically comprised of thinly interbedded and laminated fine- to medium-grained sands, silts and clays with scattered shells (Ellison, 2004). There is deposit of sand of thicknesses up to 4m likely covered channels are known to occur especially around the Lambeth and Bermondsey regions and contain pale olive to pale brown medium-grained very much sorted sands (Hight et at, 2004). Thickening from central London towards the south-east, this rests disconformably on the Lower Mottled Clay of the Reading Formation whilst the top of the unit is generally sharp with the Laminated Beds or the Upper Mottled Clay (Ellison, 2004). Dark grey to black clay is the dominant lithology with abundant shell fragments (Hight et al, 2004). A few beds are totally shaped of weakly cemented shells, while less regularly brownish-grey clay beds, slightly solidified with siderite (Ellison, 2004) are identifiable through this exceedingly variable stratum. An oyster-rich bed occurs close to the base (Hight et al, 2004).       The pebble bed is identifiable as a different substratum from the lower Glauconitic Sand in the London region (Ellison, 1991 in Hight et al, 2004). In this region, the strata have thickness about 3m and typically consist of well-rounded flint pebbles, basically less than 30mm in diameter, however can be recognized as huge as 200mm (Hight et al, 2004; Ellison, 2004). Mainly fine-to-medium-grained sand and clayey sands with variable amounts of glauconite grains of fine to medium sands grey to greenish grey when fresh, weathering to pale grey-brown and yellow brown (Hight et al, 2004).Carbonate concretions have developed either as hard sporadic masses or powdery patches up to 0.5m in diameter (Ellison,2004). Irregular beds of well-rounded flint pebbles (Hight et al, 2004) occur throughout this unit, as do clay dominated units of up to 0.3m thickness (Ellison, 2004). Basically comprising of a coarsening-upwards series of fine-grained intensely bioturbated grey sands (Ellison, 2004), these beds have a maximum thickness of around 30m inside the London Basin (Royse et al, 2008). The lower beds are clayey and silty, while bioturbation structures are identifiable by wisps of dark grey clay and silty clay (Ellison, 2004). Denoting the base of the Thanet Sand Formation, this bed is thought to be a basal conglomerate, comprising of irregular rounded black flint pebbles (Royse et al, 2008) set inside a dark greenish grey, clayey fine-to-coarse grained sandy matrix with glauconite pellets (Ellison, 2004). Basically a fine-grained white Limestone, this formation mainly comprises of coccoliths made almost completely out of calcium carbonate as low magnesian calcite with sporadic flint bands (Ellison, 2004). In the London region the lower parts of this formation is mapped as the Lewes Chalk or the Lewes Nodular Chalk, which is best characterized as a hard to very hard nodular Chalk with interbedded soft to hard gritty Chalks and regular flint bands (Bristow et al, 1997). The motivation behind ground examination was to assemble data about the physical and designing properties of soils and subsoils in the study territory to recognize whether the site is appropriate for the proposed work. The excavations started on 24th September, 1990 and completed on 14th November 1990 and a total sum of 20 boreholes finished over the site. A sum total of twenty boreholes were drilled over the site to examine the nature and condition of the soil underneath the site. This program of works started on the 24th September, 1990 and finished on the fourteenth November, 1990. Drilling depths range from -24.93 mOD (27.60 mbgl) in BH 413P to -49.84 mOD (53.05 mbgl) in BH404T with the majority of excavations being completed to a depth of 30.00 to 40.00 mbgl. Chiseling of harder strata was attempted where necessary. Hand-dug starter pits were burrowed at all locations to a depth of between 0.60 mbgl (meters subterranean level) and 1.20 mbgl so as to check for utilities before boring was initiated. Fourteen of these boreholes were finished utilizing Cable Percussive method in shell diameters between 150mm and 250mm relying upon the number of decrement required per borehole. A further two boreholes were excavated utilizing open hole drilling (404T, 407T) utilizing a tricone rock bit, followed by Rotary drilling to the base of the boreholes. Also, two boreholes (410T and 415T) were started utilizing Cable Percussive techniques, followed by Rotary boring strategies to the base of the boreholes. In every one of the four boreholes Rotary penetrating utilized polymer mud flush and SK6L wireline 100mm coring tool. The last two boreholes (403P and 413P) were drilled utilizing Cable Percussive tool together with Self-Boring Pressuremeter (SBP) tests), utilized principally to bore and test the London Clay Formation and Upper Mottled Clays and where pertinent, the Thanet Sand Formation. A more detailed of each borehole is outlined out in Table 1 Trial pits also known as shallow boreholes were dug in order to check gas, water and electricity pipelines due to the level of urbanization of the site location before actual excavation works commenced. The sensitivity of the locations means there is high risk of damaging existing infrastructures. The depth of the trial pits ranges from 0.6m to 1.2m as shown in table 1 above. Ten hand-dug inspection trial pits were drilled to a depth of 1.2m below ground level and these trial pits were: BH401, BH402, BH405, BH406, BH408, BH412, BH413, BH414, BH416, BH418, and BH419. After the drilling process, laboratory test were undertaken on specific samples so as to give in-depth understanding of the site. The tests performed were as follows; Index Properties, to classify samples accordingly to the Liquid Plastic Limits, Plasticity Index, Moisture content and Bulk density. Undrained Triaxial Tests, to calculate the undrained shear strength (Cu) values of the samples. Chemical Tests, testing the pH for soil and water for chemical contamination analysis (which was carried out on some water samples, undisturbed and disturbed samples). In addition, some chemical testing was carried out on some samples from boreholes to determine pH, pAH, organic content, heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, zinc, lead, coal tars, mineral oils, phenols, solvent extracts, sulphide and sulphates which may indicate contamination in the site. X-ray Diffraction Analysis was also carried out in order to ascertain the presence of minerals. From the ground investigations, it can be affirmed that the stratigraphy of the site relatively varies from northwest to southeast that is, from London Clay Formations to Chalk Formation. Table 2 gives a vivid summary of the succession of soil underlying the site. As presented in Table 2, there is decrease in London Clay Formation thickness from boreholes 401 to 410. With the Chalk Formation depth, it appears from 36m beneath ground level from boreholes 407 to 418. Moreover, it can be seen that Woolwich and Reading Formation interbedded beneath the site as upper shelly / mottled clay and lower shelly/ mottled clay. Blackheath bed underlies in upper shelly clay. There is a Bullhead Bed between Thanet Bed and Chalk. Water level monitoring was carried out with piezometers installed in each borehole to aid measurement of groundwater across the site. Recorded measurement for less than three months (between 1st October 1990 to 17th December 1990 with depths of 0.27mBGL (BH401) to 17.53mBGL (BH405) indicates inconsistency along the site. Although there was a piezometer installed in BH403P, no water level was observed whilst 18 boreholes had one piezometer installed in each. Moreover, boreholes 402,403,407T, 410T, 415T and 416 had two piezometers installed in them respectively (upper and lower piezometer). Piezometer readings were observed to form a distinct ground water surface in the Terrace gravels which can be concluded as a permeable bed with water level observed in 8 boreholes. The contamination data given indicates that from the depth ranges of 1.50m (BH419) to 18.30m (BH308), Sulphides and Chromium occur from 0.01 to 5. There was presence of two mainly aquifers zone, the first phreatic zone is located between the permeable Terrace Gravels and the impermeable London Clay Formation in the west of the site (boreholes 401 to 407) extending to the underlying Upper Mottled Clay and Upper Shelly Clay from the Lambeth Group (boreholes 408 to 416) in the east of the site. Its depth goes from 4m to 12m below the ground level. The second phreatic zone is can be found in the permeable Laminated Sand and Silt Strata, between the Upper Mottled Clay and the Lower Shelly Clay (boreholes 407 to 418), at the east of the site with varying depth of 9m to 17m below the ground level Experienced mostly at all ground level within all excavations, the stratum thickness varies across the site, ranging from 0.30m (BH 416) to 5.00m (BH402). Consisting of topsoil (0.10 to 0.20m thick), tarmac (0.05 to 0.15m) and concrete (0.05 to 0.40m) overlying soft to firm brown grey green and black silty sandy Clay with abundant fine to coarse angular to rounded brick, concrete, ash, tile mortar, flint coal and chalk gravels and rare cobbles of tile, chalk, concrete and timber. Made Ground within BH 403 was described as oily whilst being described as having a strong smell in BH414. Chiseling was required within six boreholes whilst SPT N values for this stratum varies from 3 to 24 in accordance with the variability of the soils. Two sulphate and pH tests were also completed indicating a pH of 7.5 to 8.0, a soil sulphate content of 0.05 % and a water sulphate content of 0.09 g/l. It cannot be recommended that such a variable stratum be characterized using limited data. However, thes e results suggest that DS-1 grade concrete may be utilized at this level. Alluvium in experienced in boreholes 401, 403, 404, 405, 406, 410, 411, 412, 413, 418, 415, 416 and 417, and it is situated beneath made ground. Its thickness varies from 0.50 m (borehole 401) to 3.60 m (borehole 405). This stratum can be defined as medium dense greyish yellow clayey fine to coarse sand with some sub-angular to sub-rounded fine to coarse flint gravel, with some presence of firm to stiff brown-green slightly sandy (fine to medium) clay, soft blue-grey very oxidized brown very silty lay with pockets ( This stratum is situated below the Alluvium with thicknesses of 2.70m (BH411) and 6.90m (407T) and is generally described as a medium dense to dense orange brown very sandy medium to coarse sub-angular to sub rounded flint gravel with occasional flint cobbles and pockets of brown silty clay. Chiseling was required at the base of the Terrace Gravels in BH409 (6.90-7.70mbgl for 2hours). SPT N values range from 4 to 79, with the majority of values plotting between 11 and 47 as presented in figure 5. Based on this data a design line of N=23 is proposed for the Terrace Gravels, which shows a drained friction angle of 34 ° (Peck et al, 1974). Due to the sandy and gravelly nature of this stratum, plasticity index, triaxial and moisture content tests were not undertaken since it is perceived that these soils are non-plastic. Nevertheless, 15 water soluble sulphate and pH tests were performed on water samples obtained within the Terrace Gravels. The results of these show a pH range from 7 to 9.7 and a water soluble sulphate level of 0.08 to 0.31 g/l. It was present in 12 boreholes 401, 402, 403, 403P, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 410, 412, 413 and it is located below the terrace gravel stratum. It is a combination of weathered (boreholes 401 and 412) and unweathered London Clay. Thicknesses of the London Clay range from 29.65m (BH401) to 0.30m (BH410T). The weathered London Clay can be described as stiff thinly laminated extremely close to fissure brown clay with rare bioturbation fissures randomly oriented whilst unweathered London Clay can be described as very stiff thinly laminated close to fissured grey-brown, grey, brown clay with occasional bioturbation, fissures are randomly orientated with occasional black mottling. The base of this stratum presents occasional pockets of light brown 20 silty fine sand ( With regards to the Index Test, 30 tests were completed and the results were: % LL from 50 to 88, % PL from 19 to 43, and % PI 29 to 58. Then, these results were plotted, as it can be seen from figure 7, the majority of the results are located in the range of high to very high plasticity clays. Just one isolated point is located below the A-line, so it was ignored in this case. The moisture content varies from 8 to 35%. , the natural moisture content is considerably close to the plastic limit, in some cases is less than the plastic limit, which indicates that the soil is in a plastic to semi-solid state. The bulk density of this stratum varies from 1.90 to 2.10 Mg/m3. They were made 46 triaxial tests to determine the undrained shear stress of this stratum and the results were from 46 to 394. Typically, Lambeth Group is comprised of three subgroups namely Woolwich Formation (Upper Shelly Clay, Laminated Beds and Lower Shelly Clays), Reading Formation (Upper Mottled Clay and Lower Mottled Clay) and Upnor Formation (Pebble beds and Glauconitic Sands as shown in table 3. The clays of the Upper Mottled Clay have higher plasticity than those of the Lower Mottled Clay and there are 7 blows of SPT for Lower Mottled Clay and 31 for the former making Upper Mottled Clay a very hard stratum. The SPT values are 45 to 76 and indicate a large distribution in sample strengths and the design line for Glauconitic sand is N = 64 + 22.63z. The Lambeth Group is generally very plastic and has a consistency of between -7 to 185. In BH408 at -17.69m depth, CI is -7 and can be inferred to be in liquid state being extremely soft and has eligible shear strength. The average N60 values (which was calculated from the average N-value) is between 37 to 73 making Lambeth group to fall in the very stiff to hard range. The average N-value is 45 to 76 and the relative density is from dense to very dense. Considerable high values of Undrained Triaxial Test are also indicative of the strength of the Lambeth Group. Thanet sand lies beneath the Glauconitic Sand (Lambeth Group) and is appeared in BH404T to BH419 with thickness ranging between 10.50m (BH 411) to 12.50m (BH 417). Thanet sand strata has very dense grey dotted black slightly fine to medium SAND with rare fine sub rounded rock gravels, which is slightly silty( Chalk formation has maximum thickness of 8.60m occurring in boreholes 407T, 410T, 411, 415T and 418 below Bullhead Bed. The stratum was unproven, characterized by the presence of white slightly to moderate weathered CHALK, weak, fractures closely spaced, infilled up to 9 mm with comminuted chalk. Occasional rounded flint cobbles as angular fine gravel fragments. Chalk recovered as fine gravel sized white very weak with 31 much matrix of with sandy silt sized fragments. It was identified as chalk grade III and IV. Considering the SPT results in figure 5, they were made 7 tests in total using Split Spoon Sampler (S). The N value in this stratum varies from 61 to 85, with an average of 71. According to density index of sands classification by Craig (2004), this soil can be considered as a Very Dense Soil. SPT, index test and moisture content, triaxial test and bulk density test were not applied to Chalk samples. References Digimap.edina.ac.uk,. (2016). Digimap Home Page. Retrieved 6 December 2016, from http://digimap.edina.ac.uk Soil Mechanics Ltd. (1990). Jubilee Line Extension ground investigation Package 2. Ellison, R., Woods, M. (2004). Geology of London. Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey. Ford, J., Kessler, H., Cooper, A., Price, S., Humpage, A. (2010). An enhanced classification forartificial ground. Hight, D., Ellison, R., Page, D. (2004). Engineering in the Lambeth Group. London: CIRIA. Royse, K., de Freitas, M., Burgess, W., Cosgrove, J., Ghail, R., Gibbard, P. et al. (2012). Bristow,C R, Mortimore,R N, and Wood, C J. 1997. Lithostratigraphy for mapping the chalk of southsea England. Proceedings of the geologists Association, vol.108,293-316. Burland, J B and Hancock, R J R. 1977. Underground car park at the House of Commons, London. Geotechnical aspects. Structural Engeneering. vol 55,87-100. BH Eastings Northings Drilling Method Start date Reduced level Finish date Reduced level Hand dug pit depth (mBGL) Depths (m) 401 533344 179834 Cable Percussive 24/09/1990 2.96 29/09/1990 -36.74 1.2 39.7 402 533435 179831 Cable Percussive 24/09/1990 3.45 03/10/1990 -33.05 1.1 36.5 403 533557 179755 Cable Percussive 22/10/1990 3.4 02/11/1990 -36.6 1.2 40 403P 533551 179737 Cable Percussive/SBP 01/10/1990 3.52 21/10/1990 -34.48 1.2 38 404T 533638 179605 Open Hole/Rotary 24/09/1990 3.21 03/10/1990 -49.84 1.1 53.05 405 533761 179560 Cable Percussive 02/10/1990 3.51 14/10/1990 -36.49 1.2 40 406 533888 179456 Cable Percussive 04/10/1990 3.48 15/10/1990 -33.32 1.2 36.8 407T 534043 179407 Open Hole/Rotary 08/10/1990 3.26 19/10/1990 -47.11 1.1 50.37 408 534223 179348 Cable Percussive 05/10/1990 2.91 12/10/1990 -32.09 0.8 35 409 534389 179384 Cable Percussive 11/10/1990 2.55 18/10/1990 -27.25 0.8 29.8 410T 533406 179414 Cable Percussive/Rotary 17/10/1990 2.79 30/10/1990 -40.71 0.6 43.5 411 534455 179389 Cable Percussive 15/10/1990 2.42 22/10/1990 -37.83 1.2 40.25 412 534478 179436 Cable Percussive 04/10/1990 2.54 15/10/1990 -33.46 1.2 36 413P 534525 179429 Cable Percussive/SBP 30/10/1990 2.67 14/11/1990 -24.93 1 27.6 414 534649 179451 Cable Percussive 15/10/1990 2.89 28/10/1990 -37.06 1.2 39.95 415T 534905 1

A Cleaner Future: A Comprehensive Pollution Prevention and Reduction Pr

A Cleaner Future: A Comprehensive Pollution Prevention and Reduction Program Introduction Pollution is a major problem globally and it becomes greater as the human population continues to rise exponentially. One of the major problems with increased population is higher waste production, which creates increased air, soil, and water pollution. To resolve this problem waste reduction must be of primary importance in preventing and reducing pollution. Waste management can be an expensive undertaking if not managed correctly so sustainable practices must be addressed. While pollution prevention and reduction programs can be expensive if not managed correctly, waste reduction is essential for the reduction and prevention of pollution. Recycling, Water preservation, Municipal solid waste management, and population stability are the essentials to a cleaner tomorrow. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a significant problem globally. The biggest obstacle in waste reduction is public involvement. Society specifically in-developed countries produce significant waste through overconsumption. To address this problem it will take significant public participation. Careful considerations and planning must go into confronting the issue of MSW with the public. According to O'Connell (2011) â€Å"Waste and consumption practices are multi-dimensional and the methods for engaging the public in reducing MSW must incorporate feelings, practical considerations, and education.† It is evident that for significant municipal solid waste reduction to occur education and public feelings must be addressed. Without public participation MSW reduction cannot occur. The pollution prevention and reduction program will take aim at educating the public of the significance ... ...& Industry. (Document ID: 1552023631). Jiboye, A. (2011). Sustainable Urbanization: Issues and Challenges for Effective Urban Governance in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(6), 211-224. Retrieved January 23, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 2535474281). O'Connell, E.. (2011). Increasing Public Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Reduction. The Geographical Bulletin, 52(2), 105-118. Retrieved January 8, 2012, from Research Library. (Document ID: 2517583571). Miller, G. T., Jr., & Spoolman, S. E. (2012). Living in the environment: Concepts, connections, and solutions (17th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning Wang, H.. (2010). A Sustainable Decision-Making Model for Materials Recovery Facilities Problems in Waste Management. Competition Forum, 8(2), 248-253. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 2174555611).

Food and Money Essay

Why did Huang Tsung-hsi see the well-field system as a foundation of a renewed Chinese culture and a stable political state? The well field was the center of a plot of land divided into 9 sections. Eight families farmed the plot; each held one of the sections and the central one belonged to lord of the whole plot. Why? The well-field system is believed to be the most ideal arrangement between landowners and tenants. Under this system, the families occupying each of the eight fields will befriend each other, cooperate in guarding the crops, watch each other’s back in case of danger, and rescue one another in times of trouble and illness. This system promotes harmony and equal treatment by the landlord. The burden of taxation is also distributed evenly among the families. Huang Tsung-hsi saw this system as the foundation of a renewed Chinese culture and stable political state because, as a follower of Mencius, he advocated that rulers must rule their subjects justly and well. Huang Tsung-hsi abhorred selfish autocratic rule. If a ruler promotes equal distribution, people will not be afraid of getting poor. If the people are assured of their just treatment, there will be peace in a society. Once people are content, government will not fail. In Ibn Khaldun’s analysis of Islamic society, did â€Å"group feeling† function in the same way as the well-field system did for Huang? In Ibn Khaldun’s analysis of Islamic society, he defined group feeling as subordinating of an individual’s personal needs to that of the interest of the group. He argued that if an individual won’t prioritize the group, there would be no peace and social development. Comparing this with the well-field system, I should say that in a way they are the same. The same because both systems promote solidarity and cooperation to achieve a purpose. In the well-field system, it can be assumed that individual needs are secondary in relation to what is best for the group. Works Cited Swann, Nancy. Food and Money in Ancient China. Princeton, 1950.